Several B-vitamins (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate and riboflavin) are involved with one-carbon metabolism: complex, metabolic pathways that provide methyl groups (1-carbon molecules) to many different substrates, some of which are very important in DNA replication and repair, as well as in the regulation of gene expression. Thus, intake of B-vitamins may play an important role in the development of various cancers.
The endothelial cells that form the inner walls of the blood vessels play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dysfunction of the endothelium has been shown to be an early risk marker of CVD. Interestingly, high intake of fish oils, which are rich in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), is associated with a lower risk of CVD. The mechanism underlying this association is not completely understood, but effects of long-chain, omega-3 fatty acid on endothelial function are possible.
Calcium and iron deficiency are common in both developed and developing countries. Calcium deficiency can lead to abnormal growth and remodeling of the skeleton, while iron deficiency has profound effects on energy metabolism, work performance, immunity and cognitive function. Supplementation with calcium or iron, or the development of calcium- and iron-fortified foods, can be effective strategies for augmenting low calcium and iron intakes.
However, earlier work had indicated that relatively low levels of dietary calcium (~ 200 mg) could markedly reduce the efficiency of iron absorption from single meals.
The use of garcinia cambogia has been growing rapidly in the United States due to the desire of people to lose weight. The United States has the most obese population in the world, and many Americans would love to find “magic bullets” for weight loss. However, the cornerstone to good health is wise food selection and exercise. If these are coupled with good ergogenic (metabolic enhancing) products, then success at maintaining proper weight is more likely to be long lasting because it will become a lifestyle.
Unlike appetite suppressant drugs, garcinia has no CNS stimulant activity. Preliminary research indicates that it may modulate blood fat levels and have a positive effect on energy and metabolism.
The appetite-suppressant mechanism of garcinia is thought to be due in part to the production of glycogen in the liver and small intestine. The conversion of carbohydrates to fat requires the enzyme, adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase. Garcinia temporarily inhibits this enzyme. At the same time, the liver produces more glycogen and this sends a satiety signal to the brain. Obese individuals have less glycogen storage and more triglyceride storage than thin individuals. The storage mechanism for glycogen in the peripheral muscle tissue is thought to be defective in obese and patients with Type 2 diabetes.
